Perbandingan Kebijakan Aktor Subnasional dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 oleh Negara ASEAN-5
Keywords:
Subnational Actors, Covid-19 Pandemic, ASEAN-5 StateAbstract
Pandemi COVID-19 yang merebak pada akhir tahun 2019 menyebabkan seluruh elemen negara di dunia harus melakukan langkah cepat dan tepat agar dampaknya dapat diminimalisir. Akibat penyebaran virus yang berbeda di tiap daerah, serta perbedaan sumber daya masing-masing wilayah subnasional memiliki penanganan dan perkembangan pandemi yang berbeda satu sama lain, termasuk di negara-negara ASEAN-5. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mempelajari data-data COVID-19 di negara ASEAN-5, baik data resmi pemerintah, Lembaga internasional, dan berita dari kanal resmi. Dengan menggunakan analisis pada aktor subnasional, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa aktor subnasional yang menjadi objek kajian menerapkan kebijakan yang berbeda-beda, sesuai dengan sumber daya yang dimiliki, dukungan aktor-aktor, dan kondisi penyebaran virus covid-19. Kesamaan yang dimiliki oleh negara anggota ASEAN-5 dalam penanganan pandeminya adalah kebijakan yang tersentralisir dan digeneralisir, dimana pengambilan kebijakan berada di pemerintah nasional. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kebijakan tersebut bisa berhasil di negara dengan populasi dan luar kecil seperti Vietnam. Namun, negara besar seperti Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand dan Filipina, kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh aktor subnasional justru lebih efektif dalam menangani pandemi, karena kemudahan aksesibilitas dan pemahaman terhadap permasalahan masyarakat daerahnya
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